MASTERS OF DECEPTION --
FAKE AND FORGED ART
AT OKCMOA
Among
the more than 55 works on display, "Intent to Deceive"
features original works by renowned artists such as Charles Courtney
Curran, Honoré Daumier, Philip de László, Henri Matisse, Amedeo
Modigliani, Pablo Picasso, Paul Signac, and Maurice de Vlaminck,
interspersed with fakes and forgeries painted in the styles of these
masters. The exhibition presents some of the most infamous scandals
in the art world and allows viewers to test their perceptions of
authenticity. Curated by Colette Loll, an art fraud expert, and
organized for tour by International Arts & Artists, Washington,
D.C., "Intent to Deceive" will be on view from Feb. 14
through May 10, 2015.
Unable
to make a career based on the acceptability of their own artistic
style, the five forgers profiled in "Intent to Deceive"-Han
van Meegeren, Elmyr de Hory, Eric Hebborn, John Myatt, and Mark
Landis-found fakery, the exact duplication of an original work of
art, and forgery, the creation and selling of a work of art which is
falsely credited to another, to be their surest avenue to recognition
and commercial success. Showcasing their personal effects and the
materials and techniques each used to create fraudulent works, the
exhibition illuminates how each forger managed to fool the experts
until they were ultimately exposed. The exhibition brings to light
these forgers' frustrated artistic ambitions, chaotic personal lives
and contempt for the art world. It also examines how advances in
technology are aiding art professionals in ascertaining authenticity.
Han
van Meegeren (Dutch, 1906-1976)
Han
van Meegeren was the first of the forgers romanticized in
20th-century
media for his ability to fool the "infallible" art experts.
Like others who followed, van Meegeren turned to forgery out of
frustration with his own stalled artistic career and the demands of
an expensive lifestyle. He began to produce forgeries of 17th-century
Dutch masters in the 1920s, but they were not credible enough to earn
him significant wealth. However, by the mid-1930s, van Meegeren
developed a technique to simulate the look and feel of centuries-old
dried oil paint by mixing an early form of plastic into his pigments.
Elmyr
de Hory (Hungarian, 1906-1976)
After
several failed attempts to ignite his own career, Elmyr de Hory
focused on his own talent as a forger. De Hory built a façade of
being a dispossessed Hungarian aristocrat in the United States,
selling off artworks from his collection-which were later revealed to
be authentic turn-of-the-century society portraits in which de Hory
had over-painted the faces, hands and signature.
Eric
Hebborn (British, 1934-1996)
Eric
Hebborn's training at the Royal Academy of Arts-Britain's most
prestigious art school-as well as his award of the Rome Prize, could
have heralded an illustrious artistic and academic career. Instead,
his exquisite drawing skills were rejected by the mid-20th-century
art world, making Hebborn profoundly contemptuous of art dealers and
experts. His training as a painting restorer taught him to repair
damaged works, but also to enhance them and, at times, simply forge
them. When he realized how easily the experts were fooled, his
contempt for them increased. Ultimately, he came to justify his
forgeries as ethical if he sold them to experts and dealers who
should be able to discern the authentic from the fake.
John
Myatt (British, b. 1945)
John
Myatt's life demonstrates how one wrong step, and one wrong partner,
can turn a struggling artist into a criminal art forger. Myatt began
his artistic career with promise. He was awarded a scholarship to
open his own art studio and supported himself by selling and teaching
art for several years, but his traditional, pastoral style did not
create enough interest to allow him to earn a proper living. To
provide for his children, he devised a plan to sell "genuine
fakes" through an advertisement in a local paper. Con man John
Drewe saw the ad and approached Myatt. The Myatt-Drew partnership
created one of the most damaging art hoaxes of the 20th century, with
Myatt forging more than 200 modernist paintings, and Drewe most
likely corrupting the art historical record for generations to come
by falsifying provenance documentation.
Mark
Landis (American, b. 1955)
Mark
Landis may be the most famous art counterfeiter who never committed a
crime. He does not fit the standard profile of charlatan working for
material gain or embittered artist seeking to punish a world that
failed to appreciate him. For the past 30 years, Landis has
approached dozens of museums and university galleries in multiple
states claiming to be a wealthy philanthropist with a collection he
wished to donate in honor of his deceased parents. He has gone to odd
lengths to perpetuate this fantasy to give away his fakes, not only
falsifying documents and using aliases, but also dressing in costume.
The
exhibition features Mark Landis' priest coat and collar he used as
one of his many aliases, along with six works he created and donated
to the Oklahoma City Museum of Art. A staff member at the Museum
noticed a pattern of odd donations and suspected the same person,
under a series of aliases, was making them. Placed under a
microscope, Landis' painting revealed the presence of pixels, a
telltale sign it had been painted over a digital image. Landis later
admitted his technique was to download a digital image of the
painting, glue it to a board, distress it with sandpaper and paint
over the top.
The
last gallery of the exhibition will be an interactive space where
visitors have a chance to pick out authentic works of art hung beside
fakes and forgeries. Visitors can also try their own hand at creating
a copy of a drawing by French artist Honore Daumier.
This
exhibition is funded in part by the Oklahoma Humanities Council (OHC)
and the National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH). Any views,
findings, conclusions or recommendations expressed in the exhibition
do not necessarily represent those of OHC or NEH.
Upcoming
Events
Making
Memories
A
special program for Alzheimer's and dementia patients and their loved
ones
Monday, April 13, 10:30 a.m.-12 p.m. & 2-3:30 p.m.
Art
After 5: Opera Performance
Arias
from the opera Ascription,
composed by Eric Lindsay
Thursday, May 7, 7 p.m.
Drop-in
Drawing
Saturday,
May 2, 2-4 p.m.
Free
Family Day: Art Investigations
Sunday,
May 3, 2015, 12-5 p.m.
From the press release